🛡️ CVE-2022-36085 — open-policy-agent

OPA Compiler: Bypass of WithUnsafeBuiltins using "with" keyword to mock functions

Impact

The Rego compiler provides a (deprecated) WithUnsafeBuiltins function, which allows users to provide a set of built-in functions that should be deemed unsafe — and as such rejected — by the compiler if encountered in the policy compilation stage. A bypass of this protection has been found, where the use of the with keyword to mock such a built-in function (a feature introduced in OPA v0.40.0), isn’t taken into account by WithUnsafeBuiltins.

The same method is exposed via rego.UnsafeBuiltins in the github.com/open-policy-agent/opa/rego package.

When provided e.g. the http.send built-in function to WithUnsafeBuiltins, the following policy would still compile, and call the http.send function with the arguments provided to the is_object function when evaluated:

```rego

package policy

foo := is_object({

"method": "get",

"url": "https://www.openpolicyagent.org"

})

allow := r {

r := foo with is_object as http.send

}

```

Both built-in functions and user provided (i.e. custom) functions are mockable using this construct.

In addition to http.send, the opa.runtime built-in function is commonly considered unsafe in integrations where policy provided by untrusted parties is evaluated, as it risks exposing configuration, or environment variables, potentially carrying sensitive information.

Affected Users

All of these conditions have to be met to create an adverse effect:

• Use the Go API for policy evaluation (not the OPA server, or the Go SDK)
• Make use of the WithUnsafeBuiltins method in order to deny certain built-in functions, like e.g. http.send, from being used in policy evaluation.
• Allow policy evaluation of policies provided by untrusted parties.
• The policies evaluated include the with keyword to rewrite/mock a built-in, or custom, function to that of another built-in function, such as http.send.

Additionally, the OPA Query API is affected:

• If the OPA [Query API](https://www.openpolicyagent.org/docs/latest/rest-api/#query-api) is exposed to the public, and it is relied on http.send to be unavailable in that context. Exposing the OPA API to the public without proper [authentication and authorization](https://www.openpolicyagent.org/docs/latest/security/#authentication-and-authorization) in place is generally advised against.

Patches

v0.43.1, v0.44.0

Workarounds

The WithUnsafeBuiltins function has been considered deprecated since the introduction of the [capabilities](https://www.openpolicyagent.org/docs/latest/deployments/#capabilities) feature in OPA v0.23.0 . While the function was commented as deprecated, the format of the comment was however not following the [convention](https://zchee.github.io/golang-wiki/Deprecated/) for deprecated functions, and might not have been picked up by tooling like editors. This has now been fixed. Users are still encouraged to use the capabilities feature over the deprecated WithUnsafeBuiltins function.

If you cannot upgrade, consider using capabilities instead:

Code like this using the github.com/open-policy-agent/opa/ast package:

```go

// VULNERABLE with OPA <= 0.43.0

unsafeBuiltins := map[string]struct{}{

ast.HTTPSend.Name: struct{}{},

}

compiler := ast.NewCompiler().WithUnsafeBuiltins(unsafeBuiltins)

```

needs to be changed to this:

```go

caps := ast.CapabilitiesForThisVersion()

var j int

for i, bi := range caps.Builtins {

if bi.Name == ast.HTTPSend.Name {

j = i

break

}

}

caps.Builtins[j] = caps.Builtins[len(caps.Builtins)-1] // put last element into position j

caps.Builtins = caps.Builtins[:len(caps.Builtins)-1] // truncate slice

compiler := ast.NewCompiler().WithCapabilities(caps)

```

When using the github.com/open-policy-agent/opa/rego package:

```go

// VULNERABLE with OPA <= 0.43.0

r := rego.New(

// other options omitted

rego.UnsafeBuiltins(map[string]struct{}{ast.HTTPSend.Name: struct{}{}}),

)

```

needs to be changed to

```go

r := rego.New(

// other options omitted

rego.Capabilities(caps),

)

```

with caps defined above.

Note that in the process, some error messages will change: http.send in this example will no longer be "unsafe" and thus forbidden, but it will simply become an "unknown function".

References

• Fix commit on main: https://github.com/open-policy-agent/opa/commit/25a597bc3f4985162e7f65f9c36599f4f8f55823
• Fix commit in 0.43.1 release: https://github.com/open-policy-agent/opa/commit/3e8c754ed007b22393cf65e48751ad9f6457fee8, release page for 0.43.1: https://github.com/open-policy-agent/opa/releases/tag/v0.43.1
• Function mocking feature introduced in https://github.com/open-policy-agent/opa/pull/4540 and https://github.com/open-policy-agent/opa/pull/4616
• Documentation on the [capabilities](https://www.openpolicyagent.org/docs/latest/deployments/#capabilities) feature, which is the preferred way of providing a list of allowed built-i