🛡️ CVE-2025-39851 — kernel

🟠 CVSS 7.5 — High ✅ No Known Exploit NVD
7.5
CVSS Score
0 Low4 Medium7 High9 Critical10

Description

vxlan: Fix NPD when refreshing an FDB entry with a nexthop object

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

vxlan: Fix NPD when refreshing an FDB entry with a nexthop object

VXLAN FDB entries can point to either a remote destination or an FDB

nexthop group. The latter is usually used in EVPN deployments where

learning is disabled.

However, when learning is enabled, an incoming packet might try to

refresh an FDB entry that points to an FDB nexthop group and therefore

does not have a remote. Such packets should be dropped, but they are

only dropped after dereferencing the non-existent remote, resulting in a

NPD [1] which can be reproduced using [2].

Fix by dropping such packets earlier. Remove the misleading comment from

first_remote_rcu().

[1]

BUG: kernel NULL pointer dereference, address: 0000000000000000

[...]

CPU: 13 UID: 0 PID: 361 Comm: mausezahn Not tainted 6.17.0-rc1-virtme-g9f6b606b6b37 #1 PREEMPT(voluntary)

Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS 1.17.0-4.fc41 04/01/2014

RIP: 0010:vxlan_snoop+0x98/0x1e0

[...]

Call Trace:

<TASK>

vxlan_encap_bypass+0x209/0x240

encap_bypass_if_local+0xb1/0x100

vxlan_xmit_one+0x1375/0x17e0

vxlan_xmit+0x6b4/0x15f0

dev_hard_start_xmit+0x5d/0x1c0

__dev_queue_xmit+0x246/0xfd0

packet_sendmsg+0x113a/0x1850

__sock_sendmsg+0x38/0x70

__sys_sendto+0x126/0x180

__x64_sys_sendto+0x24/0x30

do_syscall_64+0xa4/0x260

entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x4b/0x53

[2]

#!/bin/bash

ip address add 192.0.2.1/32 dev lo

ip address add 192.0.2.2/32 dev lo

ip nexthop add id 1 via 192.0.2.3 fdb

ip nexthop add id 10 group 1 fdb

ip link add name vx0 up type vxlan id 10010 local 192.0.2.1 dstport 12345 localbypass

ip link add name vx1 up type vxlan id 10020 local 192.0.2.2 dstport 54321 learning

bridge fdb add 00:11:22:33:44:55 dev vx0 self static dst 192.0.2.2 port 54321 vni 10020

bridge fdb add 00:aa:bb:cc:dd:ee dev vx1 self static nhid 10

mausezahn vx0 -a 00:aa:bb:cc:dd:ee -b 00:11:22:33:44:55 -c 1 -q

How this vulnerability can be exploited

This issue can be reached over the network, attack complexity is low, an attacker needs no privileges on the target. No user interaction is required. The scope is unchanged, so the impact stays within the vulnerable component. Rated impact: confidentiality none, integrity none, availability high.

Affected software

CVE-2025-39851 is recorded against 2 packages.

  • kernel (from 6.13.0 up to 6.16.6)
  • linux-kernel

Timeline and source

Published on 19 September 2025 and last revised on 12 August 2026. No public exploit is currently recorded for this entry. A vendor advisory or fix has been published. Record sourced from NVD.

References

git.kernel.org (Web)
git.kernel.org (Web)
git.kernel.org (Web)
github.com (Advisory)
nvd.nist.gov (Advisory)
git.kernel.org (Package)

CVE-2025-39851 on other distributions

Each distribution ships its own build and its own fixed version. Pick the one you run:

Details

Severity High
CVSS Score 7.5
CVSS Vector CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
CWE N/A
Public Exploit ✅ No
Source NVD
Published 2025-09-19
Updated 2026-08-20
Modified 2026-08-12

Affected Packages

Software From version Fixed in
kernel 6.13.0 6.16.6
linux-kernel

Similar Threats

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