Distribution advisory
This page covers CVE-2025-4565 as tracked by PyPI (Root.io), for the package protobuf. The fix is available in version 4.25.5+aikido.3; earlier versions remain affected.
How this vulnerability can be exploited
This issue can be reached over the network, attack complexity is low, an attacker needs no privileges on the target. No user interaction is required. The scope is unchanged, so the impact stays within the vulnerable component. Rated impact: confidentiality none, integrity none, availability low.
CVSS metrics in full
The score comes from this vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L
- Attack vector: Network — reachable from anywhere that can route to the service.
- Attack complexity: Low — the attack works reliably, with no preparation.
- Privileges required: None — an unauthenticated stranger can try it.
- User interaction: None — nobody has to be tricked into anything.
- Scope: Unchanged — the damage stays inside the vulnerable component.
- Confidentiality impact: None.
- Integrity impact: None.
- Availability impact: Low — limited, and the attacker does not choose what is affected.
Weakness class
ROOT-APP-PYPI-CVE-2025-4565 is classified as CWE-674: Uncontrolled Recursion. The product does not properly control the amount of recursion that takes place, consuming excessive resources, such as allocated memory or the program stack.
Affected software
ROOT-APP-PYPI-CVE-2025-4565 is recorded against 2 packages.
- protobuf (fixed in 4.25.5+aikido.3)
- rootio-protobuf (fixed in 4.25.7+root.io.2)
Timeline and source
Published on 14 July 2026. No public exploit is currently recorded for this entry. Record sourced from OSV.
Other advisories for this package
protobuf has other advisories on record. If you are patching this one, these are worth checking on the same host:
Same weakness in other software
These advisories are the same class of weakness (CWE-674: Uncontrolled Recursion) in other software:
