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🛡️ CVE-2025-10994 — open-babel

🟡 CVSS 5.3 — Medium ⚠️ Exploit Public CWE-119 NVD
5.3
CVSS Score
0 Low4 Medium7 High9 Critical10

Description

Open Babel has Use-after-free in GAMESS GAMESSOutputFormat::ReadMolecule

Summary

A memory-safety vulnerability in Open Babel's GAMESS output parser

caused a use-after-free when reading a crafted input file.

Details

The flaw was in GAMESSOutputFormat::ReadMolecule. A malformed input

caused the parser to dereference a stale pointer after the underlying

object had been freed.

Impact

Open Babel is a C++ library and CLI used to read and write chemistry

file formats; it is shipped by Linux distributions and embedded in

services that may parse untrusted input. Triggering this vulnerability

requires the victim to open a malicious GAMESS output file with the

obabel tool, the OBConversion API, or any of the language

bindings (Python, Ruby, Java, R, Perl, C#, PHP).

Affected versions

All releases up to and including 3.1.1.

Patched version

3.2.0 (released 2026-05-26).

Patch

Fix commit: https://github.com/openbabel/openbabel/commit/95033d27

Originally reported as #2834; fixes consolidated in #2913.

A minimized reproducer for this CVE is checked in under

test/files/fuzz_regress/ and is exercised on every CI build under

ASAN+UBSAN by the fuzzregresstest harness.

Credit

Reported via OSS-Fuzz.

How this vulnerability can be exploited

This issue can be reached with local access to the system, attack complexity is low, an attacker needs low-level privileges on the target. No user interaction is required. The scope is unchanged, so the impact stays within the vulnerable component. Rated impact: confidentiality low, integrity low, availability low.

CVSS metrics in full

The score comes from this vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L

  • Attack vector: Local — a local account, shell or session on the host is needed.
  • Attack complexity: Low — the attack works reliably, with no preparation.
  • Privileges required: Low — an ordinary user account is enough.
  • User interaction: None — nobody has to be tricked into anything.
  • Scope: Unchanged — the damage stays inside the vulnerable component.
  • Confidentiality impact: Low — limited, and the attacker does not choose what is affected.
  • Integrity impact: Low — limited, and the attacker does not choose what is affected.
  • Availability impact: Low — limited, and the attacker does not choose what is affected.

Weakness class

CVE-2025-10994 is classified as CWE-119: Improper Restriction of Operations within Memory Buffer Bounds. A read or write is performed without confirming it stays inside the allocated buffer, corrupting adjacent memory.

Affected software

CVE-2025-10994 is recorded against 2 packages.

  • open-babel (fixed in 3.1.1)
  • openbabel (fixed in 3.2.0)

Timeline and source

Published on 26 September 2025 and last revised on 17 June 2026. A public exploit is known to exist, which raises the urgency of patching considerably. Record sourced from NVD.

References

github.com
github.com
vuldb.com
vuldb.com
vuldb.com

Other advisories for this package

open-babel has other advisories on record. If you are patching this one, these are worth checking on the same host:

Same weakness in other software

These advisories are the same class of weakness (CWE-119: Improper Restriction of Operations within Memory Buffer Bounds) in other software:

CVE-2025-10994 on other distributions

Each distribution ships its own build and its own fixed version. Pick the one you run:

Details

Severity MEDIUM
CVSS Score 5.3
CVSS Vector CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L
CWE CWE-119
Public Exploit ⚠️ Yes
Source NVD
Published 2025-09-26
Updated 2026-08-20
Modified 2026-06-17
Fix URL N/A

Affected Packages

Software From version Fixed in
open-babel — 3.1.1
openbabel — 3.2.0

References

Permissions Required, VDB Entry https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.325922
Third Party Advisory, VDB Entry https://vuldb.com/?id.325922
Third Party Advisory, VDB Entry https://vuldb.com/?submit.654057

Similar Threats

Exploit Protection

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CVE-2025-10994 carries CVSS 5.3 Medium rating and a public exploit already exists. BotEraser checks your installation against this and other known CVE records, and blocks IPs associated with exploit activity.

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