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🛡️ CVE-2025-55449 — astrbot

🔴 CVSS 9.5 — Critical ⚠️ Exploit Public CWE-321 OSV
9.5
CVSS Score
0 Low4 Medium7 High9 Critical10

Description

AstrBot is vulnerable to RCE with hard-coded JWT signing keys

Summary

AstrBot uses a hard-coded JWT signing key, allowing attackers to execute arbitrary commands by installing a malicious plugin.

Details

AstrBot uses a [hard-coded JWT signing key](https://github.com/AstrBotDevs/AstrBot/blob/v3.5.16/astrbot/core/__init__.py), which allows attackers to bypass the authentication mechanism. Once bypassed, the attacker can install a Python plugin that will be imported [here](https://github.com/AstrBotDevs/AstrBot/blob/master/astrbot/dashboard/routes/plugin.py), enabling arbitrary command execution on the target host.

Impact

All publicly accessible AstrBot instances are vulnerable.

For more information, please see: [CVE-2025-55449-AstrBot-RCE](https://github.com/Marven11/CVE-2025-55449-AstrBot-RCE)

Patch

This vulnerability was first reported on 2025-06-21 and was patched on the same day (2025-06-21).

The vulnerability was publicly disclosed on 2025-11-14. Prior to public disclosure, monitoring from AstrBot Cloud indicated that fewer than 2% of deployed instances were still running the affected version. Therefore, this disclosure is not expected to have a significant impact on existing active instances.

How this vulnerability can be exploited

This issue can be reached over the network, attack complexity is low, an attacker needs no privileges on the target. No user interaction is required. The scope is unchanged, so the impact stays within the vulnerable component. Rated impact: confidentiality high, integrity high, availability high.

CVSS metrics in full

The score comes from this vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

  • Attack vector: Network — reachable from anywhere that can route to the service.
  • Attack complexity: Low — the attack works reliably, with no preparation.
  • Privileges required: None — an unauthenticated stranger can try it.
  • User interaction: None — nobody has to be tricked into anything.
  • Scope: Unchanged — the damage stays inside the vulnerable component.
  • Confidentiality impact: High — total loss, or loss the attacker controls.
  • Integrity impact: High — total loss, or loss the attacker controls.
  • Availability impact: High — total loss, or loss the attacker controls.

Weakness class

CVE-2025-55449 is classified as CWE-321: Use of Hard-coded Cryptographic Key. The product uses a hard-coded, unchangeable cryptographic key.

Affected software

CVE-2025-55449 is recorded against 1 package.

  • astrbot (fixed in 3.5.18)

Timeline and source

Published on 29 June 2026 and last revised on 1 July 2026. A public exploit is known to exist, which raises the urgency of patching considerably. Record sourced from OSV.

References

github.com (Web)
nvd.nist.gov (Advisory)
github.com (Web)
github.com (Package)
github.com (Web)
github.com (Web)
pypi.org (Package)
github.com (Advisory)

Other advisories for this package

astrbot has other advisories on record. If you are patching this one, these are worth checking on the same host:

Same weakness in other software

These advisories are the same class of weakness (CWE-321: Use of Hard-coded Cryptographic Key) in other software:

Details

Severity CRITICAL
CVSS Score 9.5
CVSS Vector CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
CWE CWE-321
Public Exploit ⚠️ Yes
Source OSV
Published 2026-06-29
Updated 2026-08-20
Modified 2026-07-01
Fix URL N/A

Affected Packages

Software From version Fixed in
astrbot — 3.5.18

Similar Threats

Exploit Protection

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CVE-2025-55449 carries CVSS 9.5 Critical rating and a public exploit already exists. BotEraser checks your installation against this and other known CVE records, and blocks IPs associated with exploit activity.

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ⓘ Data Notice: The information presented above has been compiled from publicly available internet sources. Boteraser aggregates this data solely for informational purposes and does not independently classify, evaluate, or endorse any findings about the vulnerabilities listed. The accuracy and completeness of this information is the sole responsibility of the original publishers. Boteraser and its operators accept no liability for any decisions made based on this data.

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