🛡️ CVE-2025-31651 on Maven (Root.io) — tomcat-catalina

Distribution advisory

This page covers CVE-2025-31651 as tracked by Maven (Root.io), for the package tomcat-catalina. The fix is available in version 11.0.6-root.io.5; earlier versions remain affected.

How this vulnerability can be exploited

This issue can be reached over the network, attack complexity is low, an attacker needs no privileges on the target. No user interaction is required. The scope is unchanged, so the impact stays within the vulnerable component. Rated impact: confidentiality high, integrity high, availability high.

CVSS metrics in full

The score comes from this vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

• Attack vector: Network — reachable from anywhere that can route to the service.
• Attack complexity: Low — the attack works reliably, with no preparation.
• Privileges required: None — an unauthenticated stranger can try it.
• User interaction: None — nobody has to be tricked into anything.
• Scope: Unchanged — the damage stays inside the vulnerable component.
• Confidentiality impact: High — total loss, or loss the attacker controls.
• Integrity impact: High — total loss, or loss the attacker controls.
• Availability impact: High — total loss, or loss the attacker controls.

Weakness class

ROOT-APP-MAVEN-CVE-2025-31651 is classified as CWE-116: Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output. Output is emitted without encoding it for the context it lands in, so data is interpreted as markup or code.

Affected software

ROOT-APP-MAVEN-CVE-2025-31651 is recorded against 4 packages.

• io.root.org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core (fixed in 10.1.34-root.io.7)
• io.root.org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina (fixed in 11.0.6-root.io.5)
• org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core (fixed in 10.1.34-aikido.7)
• org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina (fixed in 11.0.6-aikido.5)

Timeline and source

Published on 3 August 2026. No public exploit is currently recorded for this entry. Record sourced from OSV.

Other advisories for this package

io.root.org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina has other advisories on record. If you are patching this one, these are worth checking on the same host:

• ROOT-APP-MAVEN-CVE-2025-55754 (2.0 Low, published 3 Aug 2026)
• ROOT-APP-MAVEN-CVE-2024-50379 (8.0 High, published 3 Aug 2026)
• ROOT-APP-MAVEN-CVE-2025-46701 (2.0 Low, published 3 Aug 2026)
• ROOT-APP-MAVEN-CVE-2025-55752 (8.0 High, published 3 Aug 2026)
• ROOT-APP-MAVEN-CVE-2023-46589 (8.0 High, published 3 Aug 2026)
• ROOT-APP-MAVEN-CVE-2025-48988 (8.0 High, published 3 Aug 2026)
• ROOT-APP-MAVEN-CVE-2025-52520 (8.0 High, published 3 Aug 2026)
• ROOT-APP-MAVEN-CVE-2025-49125 (5.0 Medium, published 3 Aug 2026)

Same weakness in other software

These advisories are the same class of weakness (CWE-116: Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output) in other software:

• CVE-2026-54133 (9.5 Critical, published 18 Aug 2026)
• CVE-2026-66486 (published 10 Aug 2026)
• CVE-2026-70609 (published 5 Aug 2026)
• CVE-2026-54364 (6.5 Medium, published 30 Jul 2026)
• CVE-2026-54705 (6.3 Medium, published 29 Jul 2026)
• CVE-2026-50642 (published 29 Jul 2026)
• CVE-2026-64647 (5.4 Medium, published 27 Jul 2026)
• GHSA-hc76-7mpc-qjqh (published 24 Jul 2026)

CVE-2025-31651 on other distributions

Each distribution ships its own build and its own fixed version. Pick the one you run:

Details

Affected Packages

References